![]() Monitor and analyze traffic patterns and packet inspection associated to protocol(s), leveraging SSL/TLS inspection for encrypted traffic, that do not follow the expected protocol standards and traffic flows (e.g extraneous packets that do not belong to established flows, gratuitous or anomalous traffic patterns, anomalous syntax, or structure). Network intrusion detection and prevention systems that use network signatures to identify traffic for specific adversary malware can be used to mitigate some obfuscation activity at the network level. ZeroT has retrieved stage 2 payloads as Bitmap images that use Least Significant Bit (LSB) steganography. SUNBURST C2 data attempted to appear as benign XML related to. ![]() RDAT can also embed additional messages within BMP images to communicate with the RDAT operator. RDAT can process steganographic images attached to email messages to send and receive C2 commands. LightNeuron is controlled via commands that are embedded into PDFs and JPGs using steganographic methods. HAMMERTOSS is controlled via commands that are appended to image files. When the Duqu command and control is operating over HTTP or HTTPS, Duqu uploads data to its controller by appending it to a blank JPG file. ĭaserf can use steganography to hide malicious code downloaded to the victim. Īxiom has used steganography to hide its C2 communications. Symposium on Circuits and Systems, vol.APT29 has used steganography to hide C2 communications in images. Zou D, Shi YQ (May 2005) “Formatted text document data hiding robust to printing, copying and scanning”. Zhang XP (2011) Reversible data hiding in encrypted image. Qin C, Wang ZH, Chang CC, Chen KN (2012) Reversible data hiding scheme based on image inpainting. Qin C, Chang CC, Liao LT (2012) An adaptive prediction-error expansion oriented reversible information hiding scheme. ![]() IEEE Trans Circ Syst Video Technol 16(3):354–362 Ni Z, Shi YQ, Ansari N, Su W (2006) Reversible data hiding. on Machine Learning and Cybernetics, vol.7, pp 3990–3994, Shanghai, China Liu S-H, Chen T-H, Yao H-X, Gao W (August 2004) “A variable depth LSB data hiding technique in images.” In: Proc. Lee C-C, Wu H-C, Tsai C-S, Chu Y-P (2008) Adaptive lossless steganographic scheme with centralized difference expansion. on Vision, Image, and Signal Processing, vol. Lee Y-K, Chen L-H (June 2000) “High capacity image steganographic model.” In: IEE Proc. Int J Pattern Recognit Artif Intell 17(6):967–981 Lee Y-K, Chen L-H (2003) Secure error-free steganography for JPEG images. Int J Pattern Recognit Artif Intell 16(6):681–696 ![]() Lee Y-K, Chen L-H (2002) Object-based image steganography using affine transformation. The information obtained can then be utilized to pinpoint the best number of IP addresses that can be used to create a package and to achieve the highest steganographic bandwidth under the terms of the method’s undetectability. Katzenbeisser S, Petitcolas FAP (2000) Information hiding techniques for steganography and digital watermark. First, we analyzed the number of packets that were sent from different IP addresses during each session. Jing MQ, Yang WC, Chen LH (July 2009) “A new steganography method via various animation timing effects in PowerPoint files.” Int Conf Mach Learn Cybern 12–15 Hu YC (2006) High-capacity image hiding scheme based on vector quantization. However, steganographic embeddings that encode embedded. In recent work, Fridrich, Goljan and Du introduced a method that is surprisingly accurate at determining if bitmap images that originated as JPEG files have been altered and even specifying where and how they were altered, even if only a single bit has been changed. 3, pp 1349–1352, Salt Lake City, UT, USAĬox IJ, Miller ML, Bloom JA, Fridrich J, Kalker T (2008) Digital watermarking and steganography. Steganography and steganalysis of digital images is a cat-and-mouse game. on Acoustics, Speech, and Signal Processing, vol. Statistically undetectable JPEG steganography: Dead ends challenges, and opportunities Conference Paper Full-text available Jan 2007 Jessica Fridrich Toms Pevn Jan Kodovsky View Show abstract A. IEEE Transaction on Circuits System Video Technology 16(10):1301–1308Ĭhou J, Ramchandrad K (May 2001) “Next generation techniques for robust and imperceptible audio data hiding.” In: Proc. ![]() Chang CC, Tai WL, Lin CC (2006) A reversible data hiding scheme based on side match vector quantization. ![]()
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